What Is Kyphosis? (Hunchback)

What Is Kyphosis? (Hunchback)

Kyphosis, commonly known as hunchback, is a spinal disorder characterized by an excessive forward curvature of the upper back (thoracic spine). While a slight forward curve is normal, kyphosis is defined as a curvature of more than 40 degrees. It can occur at any age but is most commonly seen during adolescence.

Mild kyphosis often causes no symptoms, while more severe cases may result in back pain, breathing difficulties, posture abnormalities, and reduced quality of life. Depending on the type and severity, treatment options may include physical therapy, bracing, or surgery.

Types of Kyphosis

1. Postural Kyphosis

• The most common type
• Usually caused by poor posture, prolonged sitting, and lack of physical activity
• Common among adolescents
• Typically reversible with posture training and exercise

2. Structural Kyphosis (Scheuermann’s Kyphosis)

• Caused by structural deformities of the vertebrae
• Commonly appears in boys aged 12–15
• Leads to a more rigid and sharply angled spinal curve
• May cause back pain and noticeable posture issues

3. Traumatic Kyphosis

• Develops following spinal injuries, such as fractures from falls or accidents
• Often affects the thoracolumbar or lumbar region
• In severe cases, may cause neurological issues

4. Congenital Kyphosis

• Develops due to abnormal spinal formation in the womb
• Caused by malformed or fused vertebrae
• Without treatment, it can lead to significant deformity and loss of function

Causes of Kyphosis

Kyphosis may occur due to various factors, including:

• Poor posture habits (postural kyphosis)
• Abnormal development of vertebral bones
• Birth defects (congenital anomalies)
• Age-related degeneration (degenerative kyphosis)
• Spinal trauma or fractures
• Osteoporosis (bone weakening)

Symptoms of Kyphosis

Symptoms depend on the type and severity of the curvature. Common signs include:

• Rounded or hunched upper back
• Neck, upper back, and lower back pain
• Head positioned forward relative to the body
• Muscle stiffness or tension
• Fatigue and poor posture
• Shortness of breath in severe cases
• Numbness or tingling in the legs
• Change in spinal curvature (increase or loss of lumbar curve)
• Decrease in visible height

Kyphosis Symptoms in Infants and Children

In congenital kyphosis, symptoms may include:

• Trunk disproportion
• Limb deformities
• Poor balance or coordination
• A visibly exaggerated curve when bending forward

Early diagnosis is essential to prevent permanent spinal damage and mobility limitations.

How Is Kyphosis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically includes:

• Physical Examination: Standing and forward-bending posture is assessed
• X-ray Imaging: Determines the degree of curvature (measured in degrees)
• MRI or CT Scan (if needed): Evaluates structural deformities and nerve compression

Kyphosis Treatment Options

Treatment varies based on the type, degree, and symptoms of the condition.

1. Physical Therapy and Exercise

• Strengthens back, abdominal, and core muscles
• Improves posture and spinal flexibility
• Particularly effective in postural kyphosis

2. Pain Management

• Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) help relieve back pain

3. Bracing

• Spinal braces are often recommended for children or adolescents
• Helps prevent progression during growth

4. Surgical Intervention

• Considered in cases with:
• Severe curvature (typically over 70 degrees)
• Progressive deformity
• Neurological symptoms
• The most common procedure is spinal fusion, which aims to stabilize and straighten the spine

Why Early Treatment Matters

Kyphosis can progress over time if left untreated. Especially in growing children and adolescents, early intervention through posture correction, exercise, and regular monitoring can prevent long-term complications.

Severe or untreated kyphosis may impair lung capacity, cause chronic pain, or lead to significant postural deformity. Therefore, early diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan are critical.

Conclusion

Kyphosis is more than a cosmetic concern—it can significantly affect daily life and health. With early detection and the right treatment strategy, kyphosis can be effectively managed. Physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and—if necessary—surgical correction can restore posture, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life.

If you or your child shows signs of abnormal posture or back curvature, consult a spine specialist for evaluation and guidance.